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 Grass Roots Research and Distribution, Inc. (GRD) distributes research and other information purchased and compiled from outside sources and analysts. This report/release/advertisement is a commercial advertisement and is for general information purposes only. Do not base any investment decision on information in this report/release/advertisement. GRRD is not a registered Investment Advisor or a member of any association for other research providers. Under no circumstances is this report/release/advertisement to be used or considered as an offer to sell or a solicitation of any offer to buy any security or other debt instruments, or any options, futures or other derivatives related to such securities herein.  All information herein is not intended to be used for investment advice.  Price Targets are academic theory and should not be relied upon.  The majority of these profiled companies are highly risky OTC Bulletin Board or Pink Sheet companies.  All readers of this information indemnify GRD from any liability for all accessed information. GRD will not be responsible for updating any of its information in its report/release/advertisements.  GRD advises recipients of all such data to be validated from the issuing company including all statistical information derived from SEC filings, from data sources or financial information and data from the issuing company contained herein. The reader should seek professional financial consultation, verify all claims and do his/her own research and due diligence before investing in any securities mentioned.  GRD will not be liable to any person or entity for the quality, accuracy, completeness, reliability or timeliness of information in this report/release/advertisement, or for any direct, indirect, consequential, incidental, special or punitive damages that may arise out of the use of information, products or services from any person or entity including but not limited to lost profits, loss of opportunities, trading losses, and damages that may result from any incompleteness or inaccuracy in any of GRD’s profiled companies.  When paid in stock, GRD its affiliates, directors, officers, outside sources, investor awareness groups and employees may liquidate shares at any time or hold for investment purposes. Readers are advised to review SEC periodic reports:  Forms 10-Q, 10K, Form 8-K, insider reports, Forms 3, 4, 5 Schedule 13D, www.sec.gov.nasd.com, www.pinksheets.com, www.sec.gov and www.finra.com. GRD is compliant with the Can Spam Act of 2003.  Investing in micro cap and small cap securities is speculative and carries a high degree of risk.  Investors can lose their entire investment.  The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides investors a 'safe harbor' in regard to forward-looking statements. GRD cautions all investors that such forward-looking statements in this report/release/advertisement are not guarantees of future performance.  Investors should understand that statements regarding future prospects may not be realized.  This report/release/advertisement does not have regard to the specific investment objective, financial situation, suitability, and the particular need of any specific person who may receive this report/release/advertisement. Investors should note that income from such securities, if any, may fluctuate and that each security's price or value may rise or fall substantially. Accordingly, investors may receive back less than originally invested, or lose their entire investment. Past performance is not indicative of future performance.  Please click to:  www.grassrootsrd.com to read the full text of this disclaimer. 

Full Grass Roots Disclaimer

Grass Roots Research and Distribution, Inc. (GRRD) is an Investor Relations firm hired by certain companies to provide Investor Awareness services to micro cap, small cap companies and other private and public companies.   GRRD is hereinafter collectively referred to as GRRD,  “we” or “us” or “our". Investor Awareness programs are designed to help companies communicate their investment characteristics.  GRRD is not a registered Investment Advisor or a member of any association for other research providers. GRRD distributes report/release/advertisements and other Information purchased and compiled from outside sources and analysts. These report/release/advertisement are commercial advertisements and are for general information purposes only.  *When the words ‘research’, ‘research report’ and ‘report’ are used on our website and in our reports, these words mean commercial advertisements.  Do not base any investment decision on information in this report. All information herein is not intended to be used for investment advice.  Under no circumstances is this report/release/advertisement to be used or considered as an offer to sell or a solicitation of any offer to buy any security or other debt instruments, or any options, futures or other derivatives related to such securities herein.  GRRD electronically disseminates information (the "Information") on its websites, research reports, in newsletters, featured reports and email communications pertaining to issuers of securities (the "Issuer" or "Issuers" or "Profiled Company" or "Profiled Companies").  A Profiled Company's securities are most frequently quoted on the Over the Counter Bulletin Board ("OTCBB") or the Pink Sheets.  Certain Pink Sheet stocks may or may not have audited financial statements. GRRD and its data vendors do not warranty that such SEC filing data and other compiled data is accurate. GRRD advises recipients of all such data to be validated by the issuing company including all statistical information derived from SEC filings, from data sources or financial information and data from the issuing company contained herein. The Information is forecasted in report/release/advertisements and is primarily based on publicly available information, such as quarterly (sometimes with un-audited financial statements) and annual reports (with audited financial statements) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), quarterly and annual audited and/or un-audited financial reports and Information and Disclosure Statements filed with Pink Sheets, the Issuer's website and information obtained through contracted research analysts, search engines such as Yahoo Finance, Market Watch and Business Wire.  GRRD does not endorse, independently verify or assert the truthfulness, validity, accuracy, completeness, or reliability of the Information disseminated by an issuing company used in any GRRD report/release/advertisement.   The reader of the Information hereby indemnifies GRRD from any liability for any claimed direct, indirect, incidental, punitive, or consequential damages pertaining to the disseminated Information. The reader acknowledges that GRRD will not be liable to any person or entity for the quality, accuracy, completeness, reliability or timeliness of information in this report/release/advertisement, or for any direct, indirect, consequential, incidental, special or punitive damages that may arise out of the use of information, products or services from any person or entity including but not limited to lost profits, loss of opportunities, trading losses, and damages that may result from any incompleteness or inaccuracy in any of GRRD’s profiled companies of the disseminated Information.  GRRD does not undertake any responsibility whatsoever for updating the Information contained in its prior publications.  GRRD complies with current securities laws, regulations and ethical standards as related to GRRD's compliance requirements. The Information should only be used, at most, and if at all, as a starting point for Readers to conduct a thorough investigation of the Profiled Company and its securities, to consult with their financial, legal or other advisor(s) and avail themselves of filings and information that may be accessed at www.sec.gov . or www.picksheets.com or other electronic medium, including:  (a) reviewing SEC periodic reports (Forms 10-Q and 10-K), reports of material events (Form 8-K), insider reports (Forms 3, 4, 5 and Schedule 13D); (b) reviewing Information and Disclosure Statements and unaudited financial reports filed with the Pink Sheets; (c) obtaining and reviewing publicly available information contained in commonly known search engines such as Google; and (e) consulting investment guides at www.sec.gov and www.finra.com pertaining to the risks of investing in penny stocks.    Readers must evaluate and bear all the risks associated with the Information, including  reliance on its accuracy, completeness or usefulness. In all instances, the Reader should conduct further inquiry into the Profiled Company and its securities.  The Profiled Companies  are subject to possible risks, including but not limited to: (a) the Information pertains to penny stocks that are subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules and commonly involve a high degree of risk that may result in the loss of some or all of an investment in the Profiled Company’s  securities;  (b) the Issuer’s penny stock may be thinly traded, which may lead to difficulties  of selling its securities; (c) the SEC reporting issuer may be delinquent (not current) in its periodic reporting obligations (i.e., in its quarterly and annual reports) or the Pink Sheet quoted company may  be delinquent in its Pink Sheet reporting obligations as indicated by Pink Sheets New Service’s posting  a negative “sign” pertaining to the Issuer at www.pinksheets.com , as follows:  (i) “Limited Information” for companies with financial reporting problems, economic distress, or that are unwilling to file required reports with the Pink Sheets; (ii) “Pink Sheets – No Information”, which indicates companies that are unable or unwilling to provide disclosure to the public markets, to the SEC or the Pink Sheets; and (iii) “Caveat Emptor”, signifying “Buyer Beware” that there is a public interest concern associated with  a company’s illegal  spam campaign, questionable stock promotion, known investigation of   a company’s fraudulent activity  or its insiders, regulatory suspensions or disruptive corporate actions;  (d) whether the Issuer is a development stage company with little or no operations, the securities of which should be considered extremely speculative for investment purposes; (e) GRRD‘s selling of an  Issuer’s securities may cause its stock price to significantly decline, especially when such securities are thinly traded;  (f) many companies that have their securities quoted on the OTCBB or Pink Sheets (as well as  Exchange listed companies) have been negatively affected by the current economic downturn and lack of adequate financing to meet their operational goals or expansion plans;   (g) many of the energy related and other Profiled Companies are subject to increasing environmental and other governmental regulations, which subjects them to significant costs and possible fines and liabilities for failure to comply with applicable   state and federal statutes; (h)  GRRD may at times receive its compensation in free trading shares and  it or its associates, affiliated entities, officers, directors or immediate family members may sell the Shares immediately upon their receipt as well as during the dissemination of such Information or within hours, days, weeks or months  thereafter, or at any time; as a result,GRRD’s selling activities may cause significant volatility in the Issuer’s stock price and/or significantly depress the Issuer’s stock price; (i) GRRD may buy and sell the Shares in the open market at any time after the dissemination of the Information which may cause significant volatility in the Issuer’s stock price and/or significantly depress the Issuer’s stock price; (j) the future success of many OTCBB and Pink Sheet quoted Issuers is dependent upon receiving adequate financing or raising sufficient capital, which they may be unable to obtain; (k)  there is an inherent and actual conflict of interest that exists between our Readers’ interests and GRRD’s interests because GRRD’s owners may(i) receive the Shares  as compensation for disseminating the Information and thereafter sell those Shares at any time for monetary gain, and (ii) buys and sells the Profiled Company’s shares in the open market shortly after the dissemination of the Information or at any time;  (l) we do not receive any direct verification from the Issuer regarding the Information; (m) a third party shareholder may have a potential or actual conflict of interest in paying GRRD for the dissemination of the publication while still holding the Issuer’s shares of common stock that he or she may sell after the third party shareholder has paid GRRD with his or her shares; (n) the comparisons we provide in our Featured Reports under “Similar Companies in Sector” should not be interpreted in any shape, form or manner whatsoever as an indication of the Issuer’s future stock price or future financial performance since, among other reasons, such “comparison” companies are listed   on  Exchanges (i.e., the New York Stock Exchange) and trade at stock prices that are  thousands of percent higher than the companies we profile; and (o) Readers may encounter difficulties determining what information contained in our publications is material or non-material making it all the more imperative that they conduct further investigation of the Profiled Company and its securities; and (p) We may hire independent third party Service Providers to electronically disseminate live news regarding the Issuer, information which we do not independently provide to the Service Provider or verify and upon which we have no control over. We pay cash consideration to the Service Providers; no securities compensation is paid to the Service Providers.  GRRD disclaims all potentially illegal corporate and individual trading activities and has no knowledge or inside information or participation in any illegal activities, including illegal trading, of any of its profiled companies.  Such activities might include:  causes of potential bankruptcy, fraud, fraudulent and false dissemination of Information, insider trading, corporate non-disclosure, trading manipulation, and other legal issues and regulatory violations.  GRRD and it is outside sources have no firsthand knowledge of any profiled company's capabilities, intent, resources, financing, operations, politics, inner workings, plans, management competence and decisions, internal corporate goals, ethical standards, nor their ability to reach their corporate goals. Investing in micro cap and small cap securities is speculative and carries a high degree of risk.  Investors can lose their entire investment. Investors should understand that statements regarding future prospects may not be realized. GRRD does not supervise any outside analyst and does not guarantee any report/release/advertisement to be error-free or factually accurate. Report/release/advertisements include forecasted valuations and forecasted price targets that are accepted securities analysis protocol in the academic community. These valuations and price targets are academically appropriate and include in most cases, assumptions that the company will raise capital to meet the analyst's projections. These price targets and valuations, including business prospects, are theory and should not be relied upon for accuracy or investment decisions. There is no guarantee that the predicted business results for the Company will be met. Under NASD Rule 2711, GRRD is not defined as a financial analyst. Conclusions prepared by outside analysts are deemed to be reasonable at the time of issuance of the report. All decisions are made by the outside analyst and are independent of outside parties or influence. Neither the analyst's compensation nor the compensation received by GRRD is related to the specific recommendations or views contained in this report/release/advertisement or note, nor is it related to price performance or volume of shares traded in the referenced security. Because we receive compensation for GRRD’s dissemination of the Information our publicly disseminated publications should not be regarded in any manner whatsoever as independent.  GRRD or its affiliates may from time to time perform consulting or other services for, or solicit consulting or other business from any entity mentioned in this report/release/advertisement. Consulting agreements that GRRD may have with a given company are not related to report/release/advertisements or their distribution. This report/release/advertisement does not have regard to the specific investment objective, financial situation, suitability, and the particular need of any specific person who may receive this report/release/advertisement. Investors should note that income from such securities, if any, may fluctuate and that each security's price or value may rise or fall substantially. Accordingly, investors may receive back less than originally invested, or lose their entire investment. Past performance is not indicative of future performance. GRRD has not entered into a soft dollar agreement with the referred to Company. GRRD does not currently have an investment banking relationship with the Company, or a finder's fee agreement with the Company. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides investors a 'safe harbor' in regard to forward-looking statements. GRRD cautions all investors that such forward-looking statements in this report/release/advertisement are not guarantees of future performance. Unknown risk, including bankruptcy, uncertainties, fraud, stock manipulation as well as other uncontrollable or unknown factors may cause actual results to materially differ from the results, performance or expectations expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Smaller companies may have a higher likelihood of filing for bankruptcy. Investors are urged to do their own research regarding the dangers of a potential bankruptcy filing. The enclosed researched company may have to raise additional capital to remain solvent and to meet forecasted valuation and price projections in this report/release/advertisement. Investor awareness distribution programs can materially affect the price of the company's stock.  GRRD assumes no responsibility and no liability for any corporate Press Release or any investor awareness program, IR or PR promotions of any of GRRD’s profiled companies.  GRRD performs and participates at times in investor awareness programs.  When used, the words "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "expect," and similar expressions as they relate to the Company or its management are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. The Company's actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from the results expressed in, or implied by these forward looking statements. GRRD distributes its research reports through a research distribution network and by investor awareness commercial advertising programs to various types of investors. Recipients of such distribution may be short term investors such as day traders, traders, retail investors, institutions, and/or long term retail and institutional investors.  Recipients may create volatile trading prices.  GRRD reserves the right, in its sole discretion, at any time, and without any obligation, to make improvements to, or correct any error or omission(s) in any portion of the service or the materials. The service and the materials are provided by GRRD on an 'as is' basis. GRRD expressly disclaims any and all warranties, express or implied, including without limitation warranties or merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to the service or any materials and products. This report/release/advertisement has been prepared in accordance with the SEC's rules and amendments, Oct 23, 2000, regarding 17 CFR Parts, 240, 243 and 249, (Selective Disclosure and Insider Trading), Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure), 10b5-1, 10b5-2, NASD Rules 2250, 2420, 2710 and 2711 and the Can-Spam Act of 2003. GRRD is sometimes paid for report/release/advertisements and distribution in cash, stock, warrants, options or other securities in lieu of or in addition to GRRD's stated compensation schedule.  This document shall not be copied or reproduced in any form without the expressed written and authorized consent of GRRD. Copyright: Grass Roots Research and Distribution, Inc. and D. Paul Cohen

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Full financial disclosures for all GRRD and Cohen Research clients’ research reports (commercial advertisements) are available on the www.grassrootsrd.com and www.cohenresearch.com websites on each disclaimer for each written report.   

Ethical Standards
1. Grass Roots Research and Distribution, Inc. complies with securities laws. regulations and ethical standards as related to our firm's legal requirements. These securities regulations are disclaimed in our Disclaimer. It is our view that ethical standards as related to our firm are the foundation of those securities regulations we follow.

2. Our firm is not a member of any association of other research providers.

3. Our firm's policy is to comply with any new securities laws and regulations that might be promulgated in the future.

Thorough company research for stock investment research and stock investing is a must for understanding an investment security and stock market investments. Stock market investment research and investment market research starts with individual company research and stock research. Stock market investments for stock market investing are derived from thorough due diligence. Look for investment research reports that have investment research analysts who analyze stock common stocks. Investing uses market research as the foundation for equity investment. Understanding financial statements, a stock report, daily stock reports, growth stock reports and knowing an investment firm's published equity research reports helps any stock investor. Financial advisors and financial analysts often use Chartered Financial Analysts (CFAs) for securities research. SEC filings are a good place to start your company research and stock market research. Stock market reports on individual stocks can be accessed through brokerage firms having coverage that provides stock analysis and stock market reports. Small cap, penny stocks and micro cap stocks often times require even more in depth financial analysis from financial reports. Issuer paid research or company paid research for financial information analysis is now recommended by the SEC, a regulatory body that collects financial analysis reporting. Financial reports, financial annual reports, company financial reports, reports including full financial reports, and complete reading of financial reports are fundamental to sound investment research. The Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) provides most of this information. It is also important to understand quantitative research methods, quantitative research design and quantitative financial research. Quantitative research, business research, industry research such as biotech research, energy research, alternative energy research, technology research, software research, financial company research, oil company research, bank company research etc. all help in the process of understanding a given company. Business analysis for understanding financial models, financial modeling, financial forecasting models, financial pricing models, investment models, finance models, financial projections, financial ratios, financial ratio analysis and investment strategies can develop a given investment strategy. Technical analysis, technical stock analysis and financial analysis ratios are also helpful. Stock trading is important for understanding stock liquidity, stock volume and historical trading patterns. Financial software is available from many financial data vendors. The analysis of financial statements using financial analysis tools for corporate financial analysis and company financial analysis are keys to good due diligence. OTCBB research for OTCBB Bulletin Board stocks is important. Penny stock research and penny stock recommendations require in depth research. Some investors can find the best small cap stocks in stock newsletters, stock investment newsletters, investment newsletters, ideas from penny stock research, microcap research, bulletin board stocks research, stock investing research, stock promoter research, corporate consulting and OTCBB stock promotion. Financial models are available on some small cap and micro cap stocks. If not, try to find them if they exist, or build your own models. Financial ratios, financial statement analysis, financial analysis software and metrics, financial analysis ratios and financial pricing models comprise appropriate analytical tools. The analysis of financial statements includes analyzing the income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statements for analyzing a given public company. Forecasting is critical. Forecasting financial analysis valuations for each company, forecasting stocks, forecasting cash flow, forecasting sales, forecasting earnings and forecasting costs are the heart of analysis for forecasting a given company. Your conclusions will be stock valuations. Discounted Cash Flow analysis (DCF) is an excellent valuation technique. There are many metrics and data sources available for all Mid Cap and Large Cap stocks. These models can include financial ratios, financial metrics and investment strategy for many investment securities. Forecasted valuations create value investment strategy for investment securities. Stock promotion and stock awareness are normally promoted by investor relations firms. We have written this section to help individual investors do their own due diligence. Please feel free to contact us for any questions you might have doing your own research.